I base my reading on interest about the subject, hoping to better understand and to explore other perspectives.
I only discover its worth and ‘overall sense’ for myself after I have read it. Even better when I can discuss it.
There is no ‘should’ for me about reading any essay as a ‘stand-alone’. That is unduly restrictive.
However, I do see its merits in that the only bias you bring to it is your own. Your reading is not swayed by the views of others.
For me, close reading involves some contextual awareness. This includes the author’s background, history and purpose.
When I read closely it’s as if I’m listening to the author, what is being said, how and why. Questions arise.
Having said that, it depends on whether I want to go deeper to (perhaps) find greater insight.
Sometimes I don’t.
In the case of a TPF reading, it can take several passes.
The author is never irrelevant.