Putin’s folly in Ukraine

I think here’s a major difference. With the majority of Great Powers, territorial expansion through annexations was mainly a thing of 19th Century imperialism. After the colonial era, many former colonizers like Spain and Portugal simply stopped to participate in the “Great Game” and some, like France, even if intensely attempting to influence and supervise many of it’s former colonies (especially in Africa), accept that the former colonies are still independent countries. Hence when several African countries have called France to withdraw it troops, France has done so.

Russia wasn’t able to play at all the post-imperial role as well as for example the UK has done. This is the great tragedy that has happened, because the last Soviet leaders at least were capable of having a peaceful dissolution of the Empire. Russia even created the Commonwealth of Independent States, but such ties that the UK has with it’s former dominions and colonies is not the case of Russia. Putin opted to the old ways, which many states correctly anticipated to happen.

Before Trump’s territorial annexation hallucinations of Greenland/Canada, annexing territory was something that wasn’t at all anymore an objective with few exceptions (like Israel or Morocco). One can argue that the name of the game was neoimperialism, where countries would be dominated by financial and economic means, but not with territorial annexation as it has been basically a taboo.

For Putin’s Russia this hasn’t been the case. Not only has it annexed large parts of Ukraine, but for example Georgia has had to deal with a “moving border” and Abkhazia and South Ossetia are basically de facto annexed by Russia. Many countries in Russia’s near abroad have been referred by Putin to be “artificial” like Ukraine.

Some can argue that there’s no difference between classic imperialism and neoimperialism, but I disagree with this. Neoimperialism is interested in natural resources and other economic gains etc. of a country, but there are limitations. This old-school imperialism is interested not only natural resources and economic gains, but also in cultural assimilation and direct control. There are no limitations, which we can see in the Russification efforts that Russia has implemented in the occupied territories.

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I think I agree with most of that. My point was just to counter the culturally essentialist claim that Russia is inherently imperialist. It might have seemed reasonable to say the same about Western European countries a hundered years ago; as you point out, countries can change.

Yes, hence the emphasis on an instability in Ukraine which required Putin to come in to help. Putin was helping, by invading Ukraine. Other methods are used too. I have been listening to an excellent documentary on BBC radio4 looking in to the apartment bombs in Russia in 1998/9. In which 300 people were killed. This became the pretext for the second Chechen war.
(The History Bureaux, Putin and the Apartment Bombs)

In which there is evidence that it was an inside job by the FSB. After which the dissident who was trying to expose the plot, Alexander Litvinenko was poisoned in the U.K. with Polonium.

But what I am also interested in about Putin is how his actions in Ukraine are to do with the internal politics of Russia. That effectively martial law has been imposed. Any dissent is being crushed, Alexai Navalney was finally poisoned last year. The Special Military Operation is being used as a pretext to tighten Putin’s grip on power in Russia. And as the Invasion in Ukraine reaches a stalemate and possibly becomes a failure Putin will cling on to power. He will either have to create another pretext for war, as a distraction. Or turn on his own people Like President Assad of Syria.

Report:

A war foretold: how the CIA and MI6 got hold of Putin’s Ukraine plans and why nobody believed them
— Shaun Walker et al · Guardian · Feb 20, 2026
www·theguardian·com/world/ng-interactive/2026/feb/20/a-war-foretold-cia-mi6-putin-ukraine-plans-russia

Macron proudly announced that he had “secured an assurance” from Putin

A small group of officers at HUR, Ukraine’s military intelligence agency, did begin quiet contingency planning

Reportedly, there was a bit more preparation for the 2022 invasion than was thought at first.
The differences in reading the situation have been a lesson.

Since Putin could not give economic prosperity and rapid economic growth to the Russians, he simply gave them the Great Power. And war has been extremely important for Putin for his popularity.

Prior to Putin, the Prime ministers of Yeltsin were basically all flailing and Yeltsin had the disastrous first Chechen war where Russia was basically defeated, which made the West basically to disregard totally Russian military competence as an inept army that couldn’t fight it’s way out of a brown paper bag.

To correct this humiliation was basically Putin’s first achievement, and for the economy, the rising oil prices made finally things better for the Russian people after the disastrous 90’s. And as you pointed out, what is extremely likely is that Putin staged this (or agreed to the staging) of the apartment building attacks to get the reason to attack Chechnya and breach the peace agreement. (We have to remember that Nikolai Patrushev, who was then the FSB director and has been said to be the mastermind behind the bombings, is still around and in Putin’s inner circle.)

The greatest victory which made Putin extremely popular was of course the annexation of Crimea, which was indeed one of the most successful “special military operations” in history. The strategic surprise was total.

Simply put it, war had worked well for Putin …until February 2022 invasion came around. When we look at everything prior to 2022, it’s totally understandable that for Putin the idea of taking quickly Ukraine was something that nobody dared to say anything against.

It is not a false claim. A country involved in a civilar with a separatist region is by definition neither “united” nor “peaceful”. Just as little as you would apply those labels to Yugoslavia, Sudan, or Nigeria during their civil wars By the same token, you would apply those labels to not call Sudan, Libya, or Nigeria during their civil wars. And the annexation of Crimea happened BEFORE the Russian invasion of Ukraine. It followed the removal of the neutrality clause in the UKR constituation after the 2014 Maidan coup.

Annexation of Crimea WAS the beginning of the Russian invasion. If you have foreign troops on your soil taking control over it, it is called invasion. And the removal of the neutrality clause happened in December 2014, ten months after the invasion of the Crimea. You seem to have all the facts wrong.

But that is not what happened. The annexation of Crimea happened after a public referendum. Russian troops did not need to invade, they had been there constantly; remember Sevastopol is essential for Russian security. You are right on the removal of the neutrality clause; that happened later in the year. But the threat of NATO membership (aka US bases and missiles in Ukraine) had been brewing for a long time, at least since the Bucharest conference in 2008. Remember that both Angela Merkel (German chancellor) and William Burns (US ambassador to Moscow) had warned about this. So with the the new Anti-Russian government in Kiev, it was clear to the Russian government (and not just Putin alone), that this was another step towards NATO expansion. I am judging what is right or wrong here, but one needs to look at the perspective from the other side. It seems you are ignoring historical context.

That is exactly what happened. The claim that ‘Russian troops did not need to invade’ is false, as Russians had only been present in Sevastopol, at the tip of the peninsula. From there they have moved out and occupied the whole region; beside that SpetsNaz troops without insignia have landed in key points. Find in the YouTube the relevant animation titled ‘The Russian annexation of Crimea | Everyday [2014]’ (I cannot post links for some reason).

So, again, your claim is false: the fact is that in 2014 Russian troops have invaded peaceful, sovereign Ukrainian territory protected by the Budapest Memorandum.

Sorry, the title of the animation is ‘Russian Annexation of Crimea in 1 minute using Google Earth’.

You’ll have to back up your claim of a country in civil war.And even if it was, what business was it of Putin’s to wade in. Especially if it was his own meddling which had caused the unrest in Ukraine to begin with.
Also, if Ukraine was becoming friendly with Europe, the EU, what business was it of Putin’s to get involved?

Putin himself has given a contradictory account of Ukraine. On the one hand he insists that the Ukrainian people are by nature Russian, that the separation of Ukraine from Russia is an artificial construct. There there isn’t fundamentally a Ukrainian identity separate from it’s Russian identity. While also saying that the people of Ukraine as a people should have the right to self determination, if they identify as Russian, that is, and rejoin Russia. But if they identify as European and chose closer association with Europe that is bad and Ukraine does not have the right to self determination.

But if the Ukrainian people identify as Russian and are friendly to Russia, what is the problem? Why does Ukraine need to be defeated? They could live alongside Russia, develop closer links, economically and culturally and live alongside Russia in peace.

This lays bare the true picture here. A picture which belies the authoritarian grip that Putin has on the Russian state and people. What is really going on here is that Putin insists that Ukraine must prostrate herself to his dominion. Putin must rule over Ukraine as an authoritarian leader just like he rules over the Russian people. Ukraine cannot anymore exercise self determination. Ukraine is Putin’s to do what he wants with. And if they don’t play ball, he will sacrifice over a million young Russian men to conquer Ukraine.
He is nothing more than a despot, he has little regard for the people of Russia, or Ukraine. He only has regard for his own ideals, his own authoritarian grip on power.

… followed by a long spiel of conclusions about which you apparently see yourself absolved from the exact same requirement?

Yes, Putin gave the Russian people great power. I listened to a report from the BBC’s Russian correspondent, Joshua Rosenberg, yesterday. In which he went to a small town in Russia and spoke to ordinary people there. They were saying that Russia is great, that the Special Military Operation was of great importance. An old man was saying that if he was a bit younger he would go and fight. Yet all the people interviewed knew people who had gone to fight and not come back. That the prices of food and energy were going up and people were worried how they were going to be able to afford to live. Only one person questioned the war, that he didn’t understand why there was a war. It was not like when they faught the Germans in the Second World War. When they knew what they were fighting for.
The great power given to them by Putin seems to be fading now.

Have you contributed to the discussion?

This is the section for political philosophy. Are you ready to contribute?

This is an interesting discussion—it clearly demonstrates the diversity of views. I’ll allow myself to add my own commentary, which will likely differ from the usual interpretations from the media, which each of us is familiar with due to our information preferences.

I’m not trying to justify anyone—rather, I want to try to understand the logic of what’s happening.

I’ll start with the United States. Today, in my opinion, we can observe how this country is acting after the loss of its key opponent, the USSR. Having lost its equilibrium counterweight, the United States is gradually, step by step, rebuilding the rules of the world order. It’s enough to look at its actions in the Middle East or Eastern Europe, including Yugoslavia.

The old rules of global security were formed in different conditions. The USSR was an influential and powerful partner, without which the United States could not make strategic decisions. After the collapse of the USSR, it would have been logical to initiate an agreement on a new security architecture. However, this did not happen—at least not in the form of a comprehensive agreement. The result is a vacuum that creates fertile ground for conflicts, some of which we are already witnessing, while others are likely yet to come.

Currently, the United States operates within a pragmatic realist approach. This approach can be described as constantly testing the boundaries of the possible by asking “what if?” What if we take Greenland? What if we stage an operation against the Venezuelan president? What if we repeat Desert Storm? This appears to be a consistent strategy of empirically probing the limits of the permissible.

Today, global security is no longer so much institutional—based less on firm agreements—as it is in the process of formation, reassembly, or even reassembly. In this process, the United States operates through trial and reaction—like a child walking around a room, exploring every corner.

Another characteristic of the United States is its extreme caution in taking risks. It prefers not to directly initiate or wage potentially unwinnable wars or conflicts that could damage its authority. Opposition movements, public groups with appropriate funding, and sometimes even entire states are used for this purpose.

Russia, in turn, cannot boast comparable economic or military might, nor a similarly systemic approach to conducting affairs. Moreover, Russia suffers from a lack of internal organization: reports from Putin’s sycophants largely contributed to the illusion of his own strength, which turned out to be largely paperwork. However, he built this system himself; it cannot be attributed to external interference.

Can this be called madness? Probably not. The desire to concentrate power is nothing unique—just recall Donald Trump’s political ambitions. But if it is not madness, then perhaps it is a lack of wisdom: a wise approach would require a different structure of the state and a different decision-making system.

Why does the situation seem stalemate today? To answer this question, we need to understand the goals of the war and its current configuration. Can what is happening simply be called Russia’s war against Ukraine? This definition seems incomplete. Ukraine, by this logic, is not a fully independent actor in strategic decision-making. Russia, in turn, lacks sufficient resources to fully counter the United States—either economically, militarily, or ideologically.

From Russia’s perspective, this is less a struggle for global primacy than an attempt to improve its place at the “big table.” In 2022, its actions were apparently aimed at demonstrating its importance—to the world and to itself. An attempt to establish itself among “civilized states” and gain access to markets and technology from a position of strength. However, it turned out that Russia is not fully prepared for this game. The conflict has transformed into a persistent struggle for any positive outcome. At the same time, for the Russian government, continuing the war is paradoxically beneficial: it strengthens the leadership’s political position and stimulates the economy in isolation.

And what about the United States? It is doubtful that their strategic goal is to transform Ukraine into a fully independent and powerful entity. Why create a potential competitor? In this context, Ukraine’s victory over Russia also doesn’t seem like Washington’s clear goal. At the same time, the ongoing conflict brings the US certain dividends—both economic and military-political.

Who clearly doesn’t benefit from this war? First and foremost, the ordinary man in the trenches—his mother, wife, and child. A soldier isn’t preoccupied with geopolitical calculations—he faces a far simpler and more terrifying choice: whether he or his enemy will wake up tomorrow. War also doesn’t benefit the millions of refugees and families caught in the middle of events. They spend their lives waiting for bad news, in a state of constant anxiety. In this sense, what’s happening is, first and foremost, a large-scale humanitarian catastrophe.

What’s the prognosis? The conflict could last for years, or it could end abruptly, just as unexpectedly as it began. It could become chronic and diminish in intensity, or it could be dramatically altered by an unforeseen event capable of changing the course of history. Its future course largely depends on a combination of political will, resources, and, to a certain extent, chance.

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There’s not yet a debate to contribute to. Some un-moored speculation about Putin’s mental health, a potted history of Russian Imperial expansion and an argument about the facts of a war taking place behind the combined security apparatus of at least four international foreign intelligence services - as if a quick Google search would resolve the issue.

But my ‘contribution’ was unwarranted and written out of frustrastion. I’ll withdraw it (though I don’t know how)

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No, that’s a separate category: Political Philosophy

This is Politics & Current Affairs

No worries. You do have a point to a degree. But I’m putting ideas out there to develop the narrative of the OP. Feel free to contribute when You are ready.

Thanks for your contribution Astore. I largely agree with your analysis, however I would suggest a couple of things which occurred to me, while reading. Firstly that the Ukraine war is becoming a European concern rather than a U.S. concern. This is because under Trump the priority of maintaining a strong Europe as a counter to Russia has ended. While Trump is openly hostile to Europe and remarkably friendly to Russia (Putin). Europe on the other hand sees the strategic importance of having an independent Ukraine as a partner and the importance of stopping Russia from eating away at the edges of Europe and seeking to fracture Europe. Meaning a strong and securely defined Europe is the best counter to Russian aggression.

Secondly, I don’t think the U.S. had a plan as such for Ukraine, but saw Ukraine as a strategic, or proxy territory as a counter to Russia. Also there is an element of wanting what the Ukrainian people want.

This is a very important nuance. Let’s try to discard moral categories (aggressor) and “what is right,” purely for analytical purposes. This isn’t criticism, but simply a different approach: that’s precisely the strength of philosophy—an attempt to look at things from a different perspective.

I hear a lot about this in the media. It’s a common conclusion drawn by analysts. The underlying premise is that Russia is the aggressor. The conclusion: therefore, Europe must defend itself, therefore, Ukraine is the shield of civilization. Even more radical conclusions from this premise are “stop Putin” and “Russia must cease to exist.” I’ve also heard voices claiming that Putin is equal to Hitler and has no intention of stopping at Donbas.

To be fair, the conclusions seem coherent within this approach. However, the premise is overly emotionally charged. It’s just as likely that, based on the actions of, for example, the United States, one could more accurately see that it is the aggressor. Or Israel. However, this doesn’t happen, because the United States is the dominant power and defines good and evil.

If we abandon the “Russia is the aggressor” premise, the picture begins to look different. Not because I’m promoting narratives here, but because of my mindset: why should I trust something so seemingly simple? In reality, we saw in '22 that Russia suffered a series of defeats. Its goals were not achieved; the blitzkrieg turned into a failure. Territories initially captured were lost, enormous losses were suffered, and the “true strength” of the Russian army was demonstrated – it was unable to cope with the skilled command, greater motivation, and hybrid approach of the Ukrainian army.

It was precisely during the autumn of '22 that one can confidently say that imperial ambitions (if Russia had any) had crumbled to dust. From that moment on, Russia ceased to pose a threat to Europe.

At that point, had it acknowledged its failures, Russia could easily have ceased to exist as a state. The sum of the contradictions within the elites and society was too great. Add a little money to this, and we get a civil war that would devolve into chaos—chaos that would threaten Europe far more significantly than Putin, since we don’t know how it would end or who might wield the nuclear button. From this perspective, the paradoxical idea seems quite logical: Putin and Russia in its current form are beneficial to the US: he’s predictable, and blocking it with sanctions opens European markets (hydrocarbons) for the US. Therefore, if I were in the decision-making position, I wouldn’t lift a finger to end Putin’s rule.

Trump, if you consider him a pragmatist, doesn’t view this war through a moral prism. Judging by his attempts to improve relations with Russia, at the moment, possible cooperation with Russia is of greater interest to the US than continuing the war. The reason is the growing power of China, which is a black box. For now, it’s just keeping silent, watching Iranian oil flow into US hands, but what will happen tomorrow? So, strategically, this partnership between Russia and the US doesn’t seem foolish.

Europe is a completely different matter. I don’t see it as a beneficiary of this conflict. The only benefit that can be derived from the “Russia is the aggressor” narrative for Europe is the consolidation of society and the stimulation of development in the face of an imaginary enemy. In all other cases, Europe has received nothing but losses so far, and I doubt it will in the future.

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