An argument for the existence of God

The Kalam cosmological argument:

  1. Everything that begins to exist must have a cause
  2. The universe (time) began to exist (13.8 billion years ago)
  3. The universe (time) has a cause (God)

God created the universe, God created space and time. There are cyclical cosmologies; in them there’s no beginning of time.


A beginningless time also implies a completed infinity, (- \infty, \text{ Now}]; Aristotle declared infinities to be only potential, not complete.

The Axiom of infinity
\exists S : \emptyset \in S \wedge x \in S \implies x \cup \{x \} \in S


A beginningless time is part of certain Hindu/Jain cosmologies. For every point in time T we can ask, what was before T?